Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: , French: Rpublique dmocratique populaire lao), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10% (2015 est. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. )note: the Laos Government officially recognizes 49 ethnic groups, but the total number of ethnic groups is estimated to be well over 200. [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. ), total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, [2] and obtained full independence in 1953. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 73% of total employment. Lao / Laos, Kingdom, 100 Kip, ND (1974), P-16, UNC . Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". )$7,800 (2020 est. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. WebThe country was governed as a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. ), unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; water pollution, most of the population does not have access to potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 84.7%male: 90%female: 79.4% (2015), total: 10 yearsmale: 10 yearsfemale: 10 years (2020), total: 3.3%male: 3.4%female: 3.2% (2021 est. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. WebKingdom 2 To Distant Lands (Harukanaru Daichi E) 2022 135 Pht. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. )$12.9 billion (31 December 2016 est. Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004 and applied for Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in 2013 after being admitted to the World Trade Organization earlier in the year. WebKingdom of Laos - Etsy Check out our kingdom of laos selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. )-$1.32 billion (2019 est. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). )methane emissions: 9 megatons (2020 est. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 35,190 tons (2015 est. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. At the same time, Laos has expanded its economic reliance on the West and other Asian countries, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. WebThe Kingdom of Laoswas officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languagesmajor-language sample(s): (Lao)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997 and the WTO in 2013.In the 2010s, the country benefited from direct foreign investment, particularly in the natural resource and industry sectors. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. )consumption: 15.823 million metric tons (2020 est. Where is the Lao royal family? $2.99 + $2.50 shipping . [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. History [edit | edit source] The Lao Kingdom [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. )consumption: 5,108,640,000 kWh (2019 est. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,251,961 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1.53 million (2018) mt-km, total: 82,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 4914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2021), total: 331,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 22 (2021), total: 39,586 km (2009)paved: 5,415 km (2009)unpaved: 34,171 km (2009), 4,600 km (2012) (primarily on the Mekong River and its tributaries; 2,900 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m), Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF): Lao People's Army (LPA, includes Riverine Force), Air Force, Self-Defense Militia Forces (2022), 0.2% of GDP (2019 est.) )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. )government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est. ), $7,800 (2021 est. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. Click to enlarge. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. 15.823 million metric tons ( 2020 est karen J, `` Seventy years of Anarchy,. Used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness. 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